#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int T;
cin >> T;
int x,y;
while(T--){
cin >>x>>y;
int num=max(x,y);
int ans=(num-1)*(num-1);
if(num%2==1 && x>=y){ //加
cout << ans+y << '\n';;
}else if(num%2==1 && x<y){ //減
cout << num*num-x+1 << '\n';
}else if(num%2==0 && x<=y){
cout << ans+x << '\n';
}else if(num%2==0 && x>y){
cout << num*num-y+1 << '\n';
}
}
}
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